Colorectal cancer screening

Colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the colon (large intestine) or rectum, the final parts of the digestive system. It often begins as a polyp, an abnormal growth in the lining of the colon or rectum. Over time, some polyps can become cancerous.

Early symptoms may include:

• Blood in the stool
• Changes in bowel habits (diarrhea or constipation)
• A feeling of incomplete bowel movement
• Abdominal pain or discomfort
• Unexplained weight loss
• Constant fatigue
  
  

A Concerning Trend

Thanks to increased screening through colonoscopies and the removal of polyps, incidence and mortality rates among patients over 50 have decreased in recent decades. However, rates in younger individuals under 50 are rising—this group now accounts for 11% of all colorectal cancers and 15% of cancer-related deaths in that age range.

As of 2020, colorectal cancer was the 4th most common and 3rd most deadly cancer worldwide. In Colombia, according to 2023 data from the High-Cost Account, it ranks 3rd in frequency with over 4,400 new cases reported, representing 11% of all cancers and showing a 9.6% increase in prevalence compared to the previous year. The average age at diagnosis was 66 years, and 38% of cases were diagnosed at Stage III.

Screening Recommendations

Medical guidelines now recommend that all adults age 45 and older with an average risk for colorectal cancer undergo routine colonoscopy. People with specific risk factors (e.g., family history, polyposis syndromes, or genetic conditions) should begin screening at an earlier age.